Peter H. Santschi

Learn more about Peter H. Santschi

Get To Know Peter H. Santschi

What in your life drew you to your current field of study?

Thanks to having had good teachers in high school (gymnasium), they got me interested in the Natural Sciences. I strongly felt that Nature had laws that were more worthy of study than human laws. That led me on a path with multiple zig-zags. When it was time to decide what field to study in the University of Bern in Switzerland, I veered from astronomy to physics to chemistry. In 1970, when it was the time to decide on a topic for a PhD thesis in chemistry, my top choices were blood chemistry and aquatic chemistry. I then opted for Aquatic Chemistry, as I felt that at that time one could do more pioneering work in that field. When I applied for a postdoc position in the USA, I had 3 offers, including from one from WHOI, but decided to work with Wally Broecker in Geochemistry at Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) of Columbia University to carry out environmental research in geochemistry and environmental radiochemistry. After 6 years doing research in the USA, I spent 6 years as a section head in Isotope Geochemistry/Radiology at EAWAG (Swiss Institute of Water Research) and lecturer (Privatdozent) in geochemistry at ETH (Swiss Institute of Technology) in Zurich, Switzerland. This allowed me to learn more about other disciplines in environmental science, and this knowledge allowed me then to get a head start in my research ventures when moving again across the Atlantic to obtain continued research funding from federal agencies since 1988 at TAMUG. Since moving here, I again had to reinvent, refocus, and retool myself, and my current research now evolves around the question of what organic carriers are moving radiochemicals and other pollutants through environmental systems, which requires us to combine environmental radiochemistry and geobiology with environmental organic chemistry approaches and techniques.

 

What do you hope your students gain from studying or working with you?

I expect that the students working with me learn to think critically. That requires them to be able to connect with and apply principles from basic science to a variety of analytical and theoretical fields such as environmental and marine chemistry, radiochemistry, and biochemistry, which they are learning from me. This will allow them to become independently thinking scientists that can take advantage of new opportunities as they come along. For example, while quite a number of my graduate students became professors, teachers and researchers themselves, many work for industry, national laboratories or agencies, or are heading large environmental organizations.

What are you passionate about in your personal life?

With my 75 years on this earth, I am still trying to stay active both physically and mentally, exercising to recover from a septic hip operation in Nov. 2016. My daily Taichi and Qigong exercises that I continue to practice and learned from a grandmaster here in Galveston help me a great deal in this recovery by harmonizing body, breath and mind. In addition, daily practice of meditation and Eastern Philosophies (e.g., Taoism, Buddhism, etc.) helps to keep me centered in the NOW.

I lead a relatively large group of researchers at TAMUG which is one of the best group of people that I ever worked with. Just like the ecological teamwork of autopoietic systems, successful research in environmental systems requires not only self-replication, i.e., new students that practice the science, but also synergistic teamwork. Thus, much of what I accomplish now is really carried out by members of a closely interacting team of researchers. These researchers share my passion to learn more about the blue print of nature as it applies to how chemical systems within ecosystems adjust to multiple stressors in the environment in order to apply this to the study of fate and effects of human produced chemicals and radiochemicals in the environment.

Education

Ph.D. Chemistry, University of Berne, Switzerland, 1975
M.S. Chemistry, University of Berne, Switzerland, 1971
B.S. Science and Economics, Gymnasium Berne, Switzerland, Matura 1963

Courses Taught

Texas A&M University at Galveston Undergraduate Courses:

CHEM 383: Environmental Chemistry
CHEM 464: Nuclear Chemistry
MARS 340: Geochemistry
MARS 430: Geological Oceanography
MARS 440: Chemical Oceanography
MARS 481: Seminar in Marine Science
MARS 491: Research, Environmental Geology

 

Texas A&M University, Department of Oceanography Graduate Courses:

OCNG 644: Isotope Geochemistry
OCNG 681: Seminar in Oceanography/Marine Science
OCNG 646: Dynamics of Environmental Colloids

 

Swiss Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland:

Geochemical Oceanography
Radioactivity in the Environment
Environmental Colloids

 

AMCE, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, HKUST:

Marine Organic Chemistry
Marine Colloids Chemistry
Marine Radiochemistry
Marine Biogeochemistry

Publications

Recent Publications since 2020

1. Shiu, R.-F., Vazquez, C.I., Tsai, Y.-T., Torres, G.V., Chen, C.-S., Santschi, P.H., Quigg, A., Chin, W.-C. 2020. Nano-plastics induce aquatic particulate organic matter (microgels) formation. Science of the Total Environment, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135681
2. Lin, P., Xu, C., Xing, W., Hillhouse, J., Sun, L., Schwehr, K.A., Quigg, A., Santschi, P.H. 2020. Partitioning of iron and plutonium in exopolymeric substances and intracellular biopolymers: a comparison study between the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi and the diatom Skeletonema costatum. Mar. Chem., org/10.1016/j.marchem.2019.103735
3. Shiu, R.-F., Chiu, M.-H., Vazquez, C.I., Yi-Yen Tsai, Y.-Y., Le, A., Wa-kagiri, A., Xu, C., Kamalanathan, M., Bacosa, H., Doyle, S., Sylvan, J., Santschi, P.H., Quigg, A., Chin^, -C. 2020. Protein to carbohydrate (P/C) ratio changes in microbial extracellular polymeric substances induced by oil and Corexit. Marine Chemistry 223 (2020) 103789; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2020.103789.
4. Kamalanathan, M., Doyle, S., Xu, C., Buchot, G.G., Bacosa, H., Bretherton, L., Morales, M., Wade, T.L., Schwehr, K.A., Santschi, P.H., Sylvan, J., Quigg, A. 2020. Exoenzymes as a signature of microbial response to marine environmental conditions, mSystems, https://doi.org/10.1128/mSystems.00290-20
5. Bacosa, H.P., Steichen, J., Kamalanathan, M., Windham, R., Lubguban, A., Labonte, J., Kaiser, K., Hala, D., Santschi, P.H., Quigg, A.S. 2020. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and putative PAH-degrading bacteria in Galveston Bay, TX (USA), following Hurricane Harvey (2017). Environmental Science and Pollution Research, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09754-5.
6. Xu, C., Lin, P, Sun, L., Chen, H.-M., Xing, W., Hatcher, P.G., Conte, M., Santschi, P.H. 2020. Molecular nature of marine particulate organic iron-carrying moieties revealed by electrospray ionization Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FTICRMS). Frontiers in Earth Science-Biogeoscience, “The Oceanic Particle Flux and its Cycling Within the Deep Water Column”, Frontiers of Earth Science, 8:266; Higher Education Press 2020, 2095-0195. doi: 10.3389/feart.2020.00266
7. Genzer, J. L., Kamalanathan, M., Bretherton, L., Hillhouse, J., Xu, C., Santschi, P. H. and Quigg, A. 2020. Diatom aggregation when exposed to crude oil and chemical dispersants: potential impacts of ocean acidification. PLoS ONE. PLoS ONE 15(7): e0235473.
   https:// doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235473
8. Shiu, R.-F., Vazquez, C.I., Chiang, C.-Y., Chiu, M.-H., Chen, C.-S., Ni, C.-W., Gong, G.-C., Quigg, A., Santschi, P.H., Chin, W.-C. 2020. Nano- and microplastics trigger secretion of protein-rich extracellular polymeric substances from phytoplankton. STOTEN, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141469.
9. Bacosa, H.P., Kamalanathan, M., Cullen, J., Shi, D., Xu, C., Schwehr, K.A., Hala, D., Lubguban, A.A., Wade, T.L. Knap, A.H., Santschi, P.H., and Quigg, A.S. 2020. Marine snow aggregates are enriched in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in oil contaminated waters; insights from a mesocosm study. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (JMSE), Special Issue "Degradation of Marine Oil Pollution “, Mar. Sci. Eng.2020, 8(10), 781; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8100781
10. Rowe, G.T., Fernando, H., Elferink, C., Shakeel Ansari, G.A., Sullivan, J., Heathman, T., Quigg, A., Petronella, S., Wade, T.L., Santschi, P.H. 2020. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) cycling and fates in Galveston Texas, USA. PLoS One, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243734
11. Santschi, P.H., Xu, C., Schwehr, A.K., Lin, P., Sun, L., Chin, W.-C., Kamalanathan, M., Quigg, A. Can the protein/carbohydrate (P/C) ratio of exopolymeric substances (EPS) be used as a proxy for its ‘stickiness’ and other biophysical properties? Perspective article in Marine Chemistry, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2019.103734.
12. Lin, P., Xu, C., Sun, L., Xing, W., Santschi, P.H. 2020. Incorporation of hydroxamate siderophore and associated Fe into marine particles in natural seawater. Frontiers Marine Science, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.584628
13. Quigg, A., Xu, C., Chin, W.-C., Kamalanathan, M., Sylvan, J.B., Finkel, Z.V., Irwin, A.J., Ziervogel, K., Wade, T.L., Knap, A.H., Hatcher, P.G., and Santschi, P.H. 2020. Marine snow formation and fluxes after crude oil spills: Review of findings from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill study. Proceedings of the International Oil Spill Conference, May 2020. Accepted. # 689531
14. Sun, L., Chin, W.-C., Chiu, H.-H., Xu, C., Lin, P., Schwehr, K.A., Quigg, A., Santschi, P.H. 2021. Sunlight induced aggregation of protein-containing dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the coastal ocean, Marine Chemistry, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2020.103907.
15. Chen, C.-S., Shiu, R.-F., Hsieh, Y.-Y., Xu, C., Vazquez, C.I., Cui, Y., Hsu^, C., Quigg, A., Santschi, P.H., Chin, W.-C. 2021. Stickiness of Extracellular Polymeric Substances on different surfaces via Magnetic Tweezers. STOTEN, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143766
16. Lin, P., Xu, C., Xing, W., Santschi, P.H. 2021. Molecular-level characterization of diatom- and coccolithophore-associated organic biopolymers that strongly bind particle-reactive radionuclides (²³⁴Th, ²³³Pa, ²¹⁰Pb, ²¹⁰Po and ⁷Be) in the ocean. Mar. Sci., | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.703503
17. Kamalanathan M, Schwehr KA, Labonté JM, Taylor C, Bergen C, Patterson N, Claflin N, Santschi PH and Quigg A (2021) The Interplay of Phototrophic and Heterotrophic Microbes Under Oil Exposure: A Microcosm Study. Front. Microbiol. 12:675328. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.675328
18. Kaplan, D.I., Nichols, R., Xu, C., Lin, P., Yeager, C.M., Santschi, P.H. 2021. Large seasonal fluctuations of groundwater radioiodine speciation and concentrations in a riparian wetland in South Carolina. STOTEN, in press, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151548.
19. Xu, C., Lin, P., Garimella, R., Li, D., Xing, W., Patterson, N., Kaplan, D.I., Yeager, C.M., Hatcher, P.G., Santschi, P.H. 2021. 1H-13C heteronuclear single quantum coherence NMR evidence for iodination of natural organic matter influencing organo-iodine mobility in the environment. STOTEN, in press, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152546.
20. Quigg, A., Xu, Chin, W.-C., Kamalanathan, M., Sylvan, J., Finkel, Z.V., Irwin, A.J., Ziervogel, K., Wade, T.L., Knap, T., Hatcher, P.G., Santschi, P.H.. 2021. Crude oil and particulate fluxes including marine oil snow sedimentation and flocculant accumulation: Deepwater Horizon oil spill study. International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings (2021) 2021 (1): 689531; https://doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.689531.
21. Santschi, P.H., Chin, W.C., Quigg, A., Xu, C., Kamalanathan, M., Lin, P. 2021. Marine gel interactions with hydrophilic and hydrophobic pollutants. Gels; Special Issue on Marine Gels, Gels 2021, 7, 83. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels7030083.
22. Quigg A, Santschi PH, Xu C, Ziervogel K, Kamalanathan M, Chin W-C, Burd AB, Wozniak A and Hatcher PG. 2021 Aggregation and Degradation of Dispersants and Oil by Microbial Exopolymers (ADDOMEx): Toward a Synthesis of Processes and Pathways of Marine Oil Snow Formation in Determining the Fate of Hydrocarbons. Front. Mar. Sci. 8:642160. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2021.642160.
23. Quigg, A.; Santschi,P.H.; Burd, A.; Chin, W.-C.; Kamalanathan, M.; Xu, C.; Ziervogel, K.2021 From Nano-Gels to Marine Snow: A Synthesis of Gel Formation Processes and Modeling Efforts Involved with Particle Flux in the Ocean. Gels 2021, 7,114.
    https://doi.org/10.3390/gels7030114.

Presentations

2012: Invited Presentation “Biopolymers as carriers of radionuclides in marine aggregates" at the International Workshop on Marine Aggregates (IWOMA) - From Molecular principles to Biogeochemical Impacts (August 15-17, 2012), in Bremen, Germany.

2013: Presentation at the International Goldschmidt 2013 Conference (August 25-30, 2013) in Florence, Italy.

2014: Invited Presentation at the Ocean Sciences Meeting (February 23-28) in Honolulu, HI.

2014: Invited Presentation at the International Goldschmidt 2014 Conference (June 8-13, 2014) in Sacramento, CA.

2014: Invited Presentation at the International Plutonium Futures Conference (September 7-12) in Las Vegas Nevada.

2015: Invited Keynote Speaker at The International Conference on Contaminated Sediments, Environmental Chemistry, Ecotoxicology and Engineering, ContaSed

2015: 8–13 March 2015, Congressi Stefano Franscini in Monte Verità, Switzerland, organized by the Swiss Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich.

2016: Invited Keynote Speaker at the International Goldschmidt Conference in Yokohama, Japan, June 26 - July 1, 2016, in the Session "Biological Transformation and Fate of Natural and Anthropogenic Radionuclides in the Environments”.

2016: Presenter and Member of Scientific Committee of ICRM-LLRMT (International Committee for Radionuclide Metrology – Low Level Radioactivity Measurements Techniques) conference, Seattle (WA, USA) September 26-30, 2016.

2016: Organizer of special ACS Symposium on “Chemical and Biological Processes Regulating Transport of Pollutants in the Gulf of Mexico and Its Estuaries” at the 72nd Annual Southwest Regional Meeting (SWRM), Galveston, TX, November 10-13, 2016.

2017: Session Co-Organizer, Co-Chair and presenter at the Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill and Ecosystem Science Conference 2017, New Orleans, LA. February 6-9, 2017.

Grants and Fellowships

National Science Foundation – Chemical Oceanography, “Biopolymers produced by diatoms and coccolithophores as carriers for selected natural radionuclides (of Th, Pa, Pb, Po, Be) in the ocean”, Peter H. Santschi, PI, Quigg, A., Schwehr, K.A., and Xu, C., co-PIs, Feb. 1, 2014 – Jan. 31, 2018 ($506,849).

DOE, Office of Science, SBR, “Collaborative Research: The Importance of Organo-Iodine and Iodate In Iodine-127,129 Speciation, Mobility and Microbial Activity in Groundwater at DOE Sites”,  Santschi, P.H., PI, 2014-2015 ($60,000 supplement to TAMUG).

Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GoMRI), “Role of microbial exopolymers in aggregation and degradation of oil and dispersants”, Santschi, P.H. (Deputy Director and PI), with Quigg, A. (Consortium Director), and Knapp, T., Wade, T.L., Chin, W.-C., Passow, U., Hatcher, P.G., Silvan, J., and Finkel, Z. (co-PIs), Jan. 1, 2015 – Dec. 31, 2017 ($7,245,432 total, $3,209,495 to TAMUG).

DOE, Office of Science, SBR, “Collaborative Research: Natural Organic Matter and Microbial Controls on Mobilization/Immobilization of I and Pu in soils in USA and Japan”, Santschi, P.H. PI,  Xu, C., Schwehr, K.A., and Zhang, S., Kaplan, D.I., and Yeager, C.M., co-PIs, Aug. 1, 2015-July 31, 2018 ($600,000 total, $300,000 to TAMUG).

DOE, PNNL, “Post Detonation Maritime Collection and Analysis paper study”, subcontract from PNNL, Santschi, P.H., PI, 2016 ($20,000 to TAMUG), March 28, 2016 through September 30, 2016.

DOE, NEUP, Office of Nuclear Energy “Using Radioiodine Speciation to Address Environmental Remediation and Waste Stream Sequestration Problems at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant and a DOE Site”, Santschi, P.H., PI ($420,000 to TAMUG), Oct.1, 2016-Sept. 30, 2019.

DOE, LDRD, “Silver-iodine Secondary Waste Stabilization: Multiscale Evaluation”, Santschi, P.H., PI ($40,000 to TAMUG, subcontract from SRNL), January 1, 2017 - September 30, 2017.

DOE, subcontract from SRNS, “Radioiodine Speciation on G-SOW-A-01859 Waste Form Stabilization (SRNS RFP No.0000318991)”, Santschi, P.H., PI, ($40,000 to TAMUG), 2017-2018 ($40,000 to TAMUG, subcontract from SRNL).

Amec Foster Wheeler Environment & Infrastructure, Inc., fixed price contract for court-mandated study, “Radiochemical Analyses of sediments from the Penobscot River”,

Santschi, P.H., PI, ($177,600 to TAMUG), Sept. 30-Dec. 31, 2017.

Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GoMRI), “ADDOMEx 2: Towards a synthesis of processes and pathways of marine oil snow formation”, Santschi, P.H. (Deputy Director and PI), with Quigg, A. (Consortium Director), and Knapp, T., Wade, T.L., Chin, W.-C., Passow, U., Hatcher, P.G., Silvan, J., and Finkel, Z. (co-PIs), Jan. 1, 2018 – Dec. 31, 2019 ($2.54 Million total).

DOE, LDRD, “Silver-iodine Secondary Waste Stabilization: Multiscale Evaluation”, Santschi, P.H., PI ($40,000 to TAMUG, subcontract from SRNL), January 1, 2018 - September 30, 2018.

Awards & Recognition

2017: Elected Geochemical Fellow of the Geochemical Society and the European Association of Geochemistry.

2014: Elected a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union.

2013: Environmental Science and Technology Outstanding Reviewer Recognition (2013).

2013: Association of Former Students Distinguished Achievement Awards in Graduate Student Mentoring from Texas A&M University.

2009: Regents Professor of Texas A&M University.

2004: Association of Former Students Distinguished University Level Achievement Award for Research from Texas A&M University.2004. Limnology and Oceanography Outstanding Reviewer Recognition.

Professional Appointments

1988 - present: Professor of Oceanography and of Marine Sciences, Texas A&M University.

Visiting Professor at University of Rhode Island (1987), University of Geneva, Switzerland (1996-1997, 2003), University of Bern, Switzerland (2002), Swiss Institute of Technology, ETH (2003), and National Taiwan University, Taipei (2003), Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (2004).

1990 - 1996: Section Head, Chemical Oceanography, Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.

1992-2000: Focal Area Coordinator of Center for Shelf and Coastal Oceanography, Texas Institute of Oceanography.

1989-present: Director, Laboratory for Oceanographic and Environmental Research (LOER).

1988 - present: Senior Chemist, Texas A&M University, Galveston, TX.

1983 - 1988: Head of Isotope Geochemistry and Radiology Section of Swiss Institute for Water Resources and Water Pollution Control, EAWAG, Dübendorf, Switzerland.

1983 - present: Adjunct Senior Research Scientist, Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory of Columbia University.

July 1, 1981 - July, 1982: Senior Research Scientist, Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory of Columbia University.

July 1, 1977 - June 30, 1981: Research Associate, Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory of Columbia University.

1970 - 1975: Teaching and Research Assistant, University of Berne, Switzerland.

1968-1970: Lecturer in Chemistry, Humboltianum Gymnasium (High School).

Current Graduate Students

Russell Grandbois, Ph.D. Student, MARB-IDP, Texas A&M University (2018 graduation).
Kathleen A. Schwehr, Research Scientist
Chen Xu, Associate Research Scientist
Peng Lin, Assistant Research Scientist
Luni Sun, Assistant Research Scientist
Wei Xing, Research Assistant